Symptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia Essay - 858 Words

Schizophrenia Over 2 million Americans suffer with schizophrenia each day. A vast majority of people diagnosed with schizophrenia suffer from hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, and disorganized speech. Hallucinations are sensory experiences in the absence of external stimulation; therefore, people with schizophrenia may see people or things that are not really there and may even hold conversions or have relationships with these â€Å"people†. Delusions are false beliefs about reality. Someone with schizophrenia may think that he/she is living with a totally different family, or even a different era. Unfortunately, people with schizophrenia can also suffer from a lack of emotional expression, lack of interest in their environment, social withdrawal, and they may not keep up with their personal hygiene. People with schizophrenia are considered psychotic, because they are out of touch with reality. In 1887, German physician, Emile Kraepelin was one of the first to classify th e mental disorders into different categories. The two categories were called, dementia praecox and manic depression. Individuals with symptoms of schizophrenia were put into the dementia praecox category. At this time schizophrenia was not known as a word. Dementia Praecox was known as a disease of the brain, a form of dementia. Kraepelin named the disorder dementia praecox because of its definition, early dementia, and his studies were focused on young adults with dementia. In 1911, SwissShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1176 Words   |  5 Pages Symptoms The symptoms of schizophrenia are wide and varied, typically falling into three main categories, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and cognitive symptoms. Each of these symptom types affect the patient in different ways, and in different degrees of severity. The symptoms may range from mildly irritating, to severe and debilitating. Positive symptoms are behaviors not normally seen in healthy people. Negative symptoms are behaviors that are usually exhibited in healthy people but areRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1671 Words   |  7 Pages Schizophrenia is defined many ways, but each definition of this disorder is correct. No two individuals will have the exact same symptoms of schizophrenia. The word schizophrenia comes from the Greek words that mean â€Å"split mind†. This disorder can lead to many other problems throughout a person’s lifetime. There are many different symptoms that can help with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, but each of the sym ptoms can also be contributed to other disorders. The symptoms of schizophrenia appearRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia904 Words   |  4 Pagessigns symptoms observed. Some of the disorders are caused by different factors and reveal divergent signs and symptoms which are depended on the field of the body infected. This paper purposes at critically evaluating and analyzing psychological disorder referred to as schizophrenia by demonstrating its symptoms and their occurrences. It will discuss the causes of this type of psychological disorder and possible diagnostic together treatments mechanisms of this kind of disease. Schizophrenia is aRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1077 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Schizophrenias is a serious mental illness characterized by incoherent or illogical thoughts, bizarre behavior and speech, and delusions or hallucinations, such as hearing voices (APA,2015). I choose to touch on the topic of schizophrenia because I always been interested the topic itself. The one thing I wondered is if there are different stages of schizophrenia and why it may be hard to diagnose. Schizophrenia is a mental disease that’s very hard to pinpoint in a person, whichRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1210 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Schizophrenia Symptoms. Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder which is characterized by an inability to distinguish what is real and subsequent abnormal behavior. Literally translating from the Greek skhizein and phrÄ“n meaning ‘split-mind’, schizophrenia is characterized by both positive symptoms, e.g. hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking, and also negative symptoms, e.g. apathy, Anhedonia, and deficits in executive functioning. The Diagnostic and StatisticalRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1153 Words   |  5 Pages 1 / 3 Cindy Tien 3-18-15 Per.6 Schizophrenia What is Schizophrenia? Can you imagine living day by day having to hear and see things that nobody else could? You feel alone, lost and different amongst other normal people. Believe it or not, approximately twenty five million people in America have been impacted by this disease called schizophrenia. What is schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is mental disorder distinguished by disturbances within thought patterns, attention, and emotions. UnfortunatelyRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1569 Words   |  7 Pagesmental health professionals, Jaime was confirmed to have paranoid schizophrenia. Jaime was immediately put on antipsychotic medication, and after about 3 months of taking that medication, he started attending psychological treatment. He has been continuing with both procedures for about a year. Today, his medication dose has lowered and he has shown much improvement compared to when he first was diagnosed. Introduction Positive symptoms are behaviors that aren t seen in healthy people, people whoRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1049 Words   |  5 Pages The Effects of Schizophrenia Madison M. Sulak Dr. Linstrum PSYCH 2301 East Texas Baptist University Fall 2015 Pg. 1 A brain disorder can be triggered by multiple different things such as a stroke, abnormal growths, any type of viral infection, or cancer. There are countless types of brain disorders that people are diagnosed with daily. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, â€Å"Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling brain disorder that has affected peopleRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1430 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Schizophrenia is very complex and â€Å"startling disorder characterized by a broad range of cognitive and emotional dysfunctions† (Barlow Durand, 2015, p. 477). It can greatly impact a person’s life in a negative manner: affecting physical, emotional, relational, and occupational health. The National Institute of Mental Health defines schizophrenia as a â€Å"chronic and severe disorder that affects how a person, think, feels, and acts† (National Institute of Mental Health, n.d., para. 1).Read MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia899 Words   |  4 PagesSchizophrenia What is Schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is defined as a psychotic disorder that strikes about one percent of the world population. It is a disease that makes it difficult for a person to think logically, to tell the difference between real and unreal experiences like hallucinations, delusions, hearing voices, and paranoia. It surfaces more frequently during a person’s late teens to early twenties, and it has the potential to destroy the lives of the people who are unfortunate enough to

Franchising ( 10 Points ) Essay - 792 Words

Franchising (10 Points) I. What steps should you, the prospective U.S.-based franchisee take when establishing outlets in foreign countries? Research the potential market, including its size and the potential acceptance of the franchise concept. Inventory the business climate for U.S. businesses operating within the foreign country. Assess the state of the current and anticipated economic and financial environment. Try to obtain information regarding government restrictions. Assess the potential tax implications. Examine logistical issues, such as shipping and delivery options. Do a financial analysis and a risk analysis. II. Describe the opportunities and the challenges a franchisee face when entering emerging markets such as South and Latin America. Opportunities- Having a recognized worldwide brand. New sources of income. Challenges- Training, importing product into new country, finding quality employees III. Use the Web as a resource to develop a list of at least five suggestions that will help new franchisees looking to establish outlets in foreign countries. 1. Conduct a comprehensive market analysis of the local market in the foreign country. 2. Analyze the role the government will play such as import restrictions, taxes, and purchasing restrictions. 3. Research the local culture to see if the franchise would prosper there. 4. Conduct an analysis on how the exchange rate might affect the business. 5. Contact other foreign business established in the country and seeShow MoreRelatedTutorial 12 (Week 7)1693 Words   |  7 PagesTutorial 12 (week 7) Topic 5: Franchising MCQ 1. | According to our textbook, which of the following is not a quality to look for in prospective franchisees? | | a. | individual, rather than team-oriented | | b. | ability to follow instructions | | c. | experience in the industry in which the franchisee operates | | d. | ability to operate with minimal supervision | | e. | adequate financial resources and a good credit history | Answer: A 2. | AccordingRead MoreCompensation and Benefit in Dominos Pizza Essay1302 Words   |  6 Pagescompensation and benefit in Dominos Pizza The compensation and benefit systems of Dominos Pizza in the United States are tightly connected with its methods of international expansion. The most important parts of the system are licensing and franchising: We have developed a large, global, diversified, and committed franchise network that is a critical component of our system-wide success and our leading position in pizza delivery. As of March 21, 2004, our franchise store network consisted ofRead MoreGlobal Business : Franchising Of Brazil1713 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal Business - Franchising in Brazil 1. Country Background 1.1 Brazil - Federative Republic of Brazil 1.2 Neighboring countries include Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela (â€Å"Country Report – Brazil,† 2015). 1.3 The territorial size of the country is 8,515,800 sq. km 1.4 Brazil’s population is 201,032,714 (â€Å"Country Report – Brazil,† 2015). 1.5 Brazil’s political system is a federal republic and its Constitution confers powers toRead MoreFranchising Is A Long Term Essay1286 Words   |  6 PagesNowadays, franchising is one of the easiest ways to start a business. Franchising is defined as a long-term, continuing business relationship wherein for consideration, the franchisor grants to the franchise a licensed right, subject to agreed requirements and restrictions, to condusct business utilising the trade and/or service marks of the franchisor and also provides to the franchisee advice and assistance in organising, merchandising, and managing the business conducted to the licensee ï â€º1ï  .Read MorePorcini S Pronto Case Draft Essay1471 Words   |  6 Pagesaction for the company to take between franchising and syndication. Considering using a SWOT at first glance the decision to analyze the different methodologies using Porter’s Five Forces of Competition gave a more robust analysis within the rest aurant industry. The choice of franchising was determined the logical choice over syndication for the company from a financial stand point and a quicker way to market to vie with its major competitors. Franchising offered a broader reach with fewer fiscalsRead MoreBusiness Quiz773 Words   |  4 PagesSubmitted | 6/11/13 6:22 PM | Status | Completed | Attempt Score | 90 out of 100 points    | Time Elapsed | 35 minutes out of 2 hours. | Instructions | This quiz consist of 20 multiple choice questions. The first 10 questions  cover the material in  Chapter 5. The second 10 questions cover the material in Chapter 6. Be sure you are in the correct Chapter  when you take the quiz. | * Question 1 0 out of 5 points | | | Effective communication occurs when you can transmit _____ to your audienceRead MoreLike Colonel Harland Sanders and Steve Jobs, We Need to Continue to Change the World665 Words   |  3 Pagesyou know what it is: world is need to be change by us.† (Phil Libin, 2012). 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One big threat to One Day Laundry is the fast-growing chain Styler Cleaning and Laundry, which is underselling all the others by dropping the prices to a level about 10 to 15 percent below the prevailing rates in late 1968 and has not raisedRead MorePyramid Door Case Analysis1597 Words   |  7 Pageslarge, well-known garage door manufacturers are Overhead Door Corporation, Wayne-Dalton Corporation, Amarr Garage Doors, and Raynor Garage Doors. Consumers in the market for residential garage doors do not recognize name brands of doors as only 10% of prospective buyers could provide a brand name. The most important criteria for prospective buyers was price followed by quality, reliability of installer, and aesthetic appeal of the actual garage door. The principle sources for prospective buyersRead MoreSubway International And The Global Fast Food Industry1437 Words   |  6 Pagesrestaurants in ten years, but in 1974, Buck and Deluca started a new growth strategy by franchising their business to other shops. Subway president and co-founder Fred Deluca constructed his corporation by determining very ambitious targets; he led Subway to be one of best sandwich restaurants worldwide. This success is due to the unique value provided by the restaurant, also following the low-cost franchising strategy contributed to the prosperity of Subway locally and overseas (Robles Himes,

Essay On Du Mauriers Rebecca Example For Students

Essay On Du Mauriers Rebecca Rebecca is a classic, suspenful, and romantic novel written by Daphne du Maurier. It tells the tragic and emotional story of how the memory of a woman named Rebecca haunted the lives of newleweds Maxim and Mrs. De Winter, and their estate of Manderly. The story opens in Monte Carlo, France and later moves to a small town outside of London. In a hotel in Monte Carlo, France, a young, simple servant girl, who at first remains nameless is acquainted with Maxim de Winter, a wealthy man who owns the estate of Manderly outside of London, England. She falls deeply in love with him, and the two are wed abroad. Upon their return to Manderly, the new Mrs. de Winter is instantly enchanted by the exterior beauty of the estate, and can’s hardly wait to be the Madam of the house. She is introduced to the staff of the house, and her impression of them is very well, except for Mrs. Danvers. Mrs. Danvers had been the personal maid of Maxim’s deceased wife, Rebecca, and she had been quite fond of her. Mrs. de Winter is constantly being compared to the late Mrs. de Winter, and this makes the new Mrs. de Winter quite uncomfortable, as Mrs. Danvers makes each day a challenge to survive; as well as distancing her from her husband, who she believes is still thinking of Rebecca, and still in love with her. One day, the mystery of Rebecca’s death is revealed by Maxim. He tells his wife the truth: Rebecca didn’t drown to her death, Maxim murdered her. Instead of the angel she was percieved to be, she was rather a devil, who cheated on Maxim with her first cousin, and never loved Maxim from the start. A body is soon found by the shores of Manderly: Rebecca’s body. There are suspicions that Maxim killed her, and an inquest is carried out. He was almost caught, but Maxim’s name is eventually cleared. As he and Mrs. de Winter return from the inquest in London, they watched Manderly burn to the ground. The first aspect of the novel that appealed to me is the modest character Mrs. de Winter. Her manner is very humble and reserved. She appears to be the un-authoratative type of person, as she doesn’t do what pleases her, only others: â€Å"Oh, well let me see, Mrs. Danvers, I hardly know; I think we had better have what you usually have, whatever you think Mrs. de Winter would have ordered. †(pg. 2) She is also very young in the story, young enough to be Maxim’s daughter. This explains her shyness in conversations with Maxim’s relatives and many friends, as well as her feeling of inferiority to people of better breeding than her. Mrs. de Winters is a developing character in the story, and she is much altered when Maxim reveals the truth of Rebecca’s death. Her naive and young nature is gone as she is entangled in the web of Rebecca’s evil ways, and Maxim realizes that her innocence is now gone: â€Å"I can’t forget what it has done to you It’s gone for ever, that funny, young, lost look that I loved I killed that too, when I told you about Rebecca you are so much older.. .†( pg. 313) Mrs. de Winter never lost her feelings of hope, and optemism through the novel. She always found the ‘bright side’ of things and situations, especially regarding her marriage with Maxim. She had faith that in time, Maxim would love her as she loved him, and of course he had all along. It had only been her feelings of insecurity that inhhibited her from realizing this. .u018f1d323015851696eabb8632a08965 , .u018f1d323015851696eabb8632a08965 .postImageUrl , .u018f1d323015851696eabb8632a08965 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u018f1d323015851696eabb8632a08965 , .u018f1d323015851696eabb8632a08965:hover , .u018f1d323015851696eabb8632a08965:visited , .u018f1d323015851696eabb8632a08965:active { border:0!important; } .u018f1d323015851696eabb8632a08965 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u018f1d323015851696eabb8632a08965 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u018f1d323015851696eabb8632a08965:active , .u018f1d323015851696eabb8632a08965:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u018f1d323015851696eabb8632a08965 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u018f1d323015851696eabb8632a08965 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u018f1d323015851696eabb8632a08965 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u018f1d323015851696eabb8632a08965 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u018f1d323015851696eabb8632a08965:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u018f1d323015851696eabb8632a08965 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u018f1d323015851696eabb8632a08965 .u018f1d323015851696eabb8632a08965-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u018f1d323015851696eabb8632a08965:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Diary of Anne Frank EssayShe was always willing to mend their marital problems: â€Å"It’s not too late I love you more than anything in the world†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (pg. 80) It is interesting that Mrs. de Winter doesn’t have a first name, but her character is the most interesting. Setting was of particular interest, because it enhanced the events which took place. The estate of Manderly is by far the most appropriate place ever imaginable for â€Å"Rebecca†. The detailed description painted the perfect picture of an elegant and romantic mansion surrounded by mystery, adding a lot of interest. Manderly is a beautiful house that is surrounded by a breath-taking garden and a scenic beach: â€Å"A thing of grace and beauty, exquisite and faultless, lovelier than I had ever dreamed ossy lawns, the terraces sloping to the gardens, and the gardens to the sea.. .†(pg. 91) The setting is key in the story, because of the way Rebecca died. She was supposed to drown in the waters by Manderly, and without a beach in the story, this wouldn’t have been possible. The secrecy of Rebecca’s life was effective in this setting, because it showed how Maxim wanted to seperate his past life with Rebecca from his new life with Mrs. de Winter. Maxim ordered the rooms in the west wing of the hoouse to be locked up, because that is where Rebecca stayed: â€Å"They used to live in the west wing and use those rooms when Mrs. e Winter was alive. †(pg. 81) All parts of Manderly play an important role in the story. For example the beautiful garden takes an active role when Mrs. de Winter is taking Jasper, the dog for a walk; and when she and Maxim are enjoying their tea outside. The setting of Manderly surely adds a lot of interest to the plot. A final literary aspect that was enjoyable was the point of view. Mrs. de Winter is the narrator in â€Å"Rebecca†, and this adds a special insight to the events which took place, from her position as the new Mrs. de Winter. In reading the book, we experience the events alongside her.

Megan Guimon Essays - The Makioka Sisters, Taeko, Junichir Tanizaki

Megan Guimon Saliba Alternative Calendars 11 January 2000 Change Is The Only Constant With life comes death, with destruction comes rebirth, and with fear often comes understanding and growth. Constant change within our environment surrounds and invades our existence--which too is ever changing, growing, digressing and evolving. Often a sad tone resounds within this acceptance of uncontrolled fluctuation. It is the sad or destructive experiences that one wishes could be controlled; and often those become more apparent then the joy and happiness that accompanies change. Throughout Tanizaki's The Makioka Sisters the essence of the novel is captured using subtlety to describe the timeless cyclical changes in nature, thus revealing and enhancing the acceptance of the unavoidable impermanence that is woven into the sister's lives and experiences. Transformations within their natural world saturate and undeniably affect the lives of the characters in this novel. Throughout the novel the sisters are constantly exposed to the beauties and destruction that the cycles of nature produce, changing and affecting their lives for brief and lengthy durations. Change in nature perpetually occurs and learning to adapt to its inconsistency is often demanded of the sisters. Tanizaki poetically uses the fluctuation of nature to delicately suggest fluctuation or transformations that occur within the characters. For example, as massive flooding consumes the Kobe-Osaka district with destruction, the Makioka's lives are consumed with upheaval; and yet, this inevitable chaos encourages realizations for Sachiko and transformations within Taeko. The most disastrous flood in the district's history, its transforming effects on the river are vividly described as, "less a river than a black, boiling sea, with the mid-summer surf at its most violent" (Tanizaki 176). Its burdens afflict the land, and all of its inhabitants, from scuttling crabs and dogs to the Makiokas, Stoltzes, and countless other families. Physically destroying homes, railroads and schools, the flood claims lives amidst clouds of dust, mud, and sand. The rain viciously reveals its overpowering capabilities. As Sachiko searches for occupying distraction from the worry that she endures concerning Taeko's safe return, she is drawn to the pictures of Taeko's performance of "Snow" from the previous month. The effects of the flood and its devastating possibilities encourage Sachiko to view both these pictures, and Taeko in a revised light. Sachiko admits her luring interest to a photographic pose of Taeko which reveals a "certain delicate winsomeness and grace[in Taeko.] ...one could see from this photograph that there was in her too something of the old Japanese maiden, something quietly engaging" (189). In the midst of chaotic torment Sachiko is able to appreciate the many aspects of who Koi-san is rather than concentrate on her sister's demise. And not without sadness, she questions whether it was only by chance that Koi-san had been captured in this light or rather that it had been an unhappy omen for the disaster that now lay lurking. For Taeko, the floods transform her spirit as fear and lack of enthusiasm take root in her heart. Her environment has instilled a previously unfelt sense of fear and respect for its reigning force. Shaken, and perhaps disenchanted with the changes around her and within her, Taeko avoids work and activity for an entire month after the torrential storm. "Taeko, usually the most active of the three, had evidently not recovered from the shock of the flood. This summer she showed little of her usual energy" (204). As the natural destruction drains her energy it also transforms her interests in Kei-boy, killing the last of her love for him. Within both of the sisters, the inevitable changes that the floods bring, seeps deeper than the surface damage; bidding and encouraging new growth and challenge within the characters hearts and minds. Yet another encounter with a severe storm, this time a Tokyo Typhoon, reveals the destruction and terror that nature can display, disrupting lives, and harshly revealing the change in direction that the Makioka's prestigious lives have taken. The worst typhoon in over ten years, winds literally shaking the house, dirt and sand forcefully flying through vacant cracks, and walls billowing seemingly ready to burst; the family must remain calm although terror chills their bones. They eventually find safety and solace next door in a sturdier home than their own. The storm not

Let The Music Set You Free essays

Let The Music Set You Free essays Rave. Is that the hairspray that comes in the blue can? That is the question sometimes asked when people talk about raves. The word rave can be defined as an all-night dance party where electronic music is played. These days, however, the rave scene has been the target of attacks by the media and authorities all over the United States. Raves are now stereotyped as an event where out-of-control young adults come together and experience a world not only of music, but also sex and drugs. The acts displayed by the media and authorities are acts of arrogant ignorance. They always tend to overlook the positive aspects of raves. It begins when the sunlight dies down. With my ticket in hand, I stand in line patiently to enter the abandoned building. The bass pounds as I enter and all I see are lights, lasers, and hundreds of people dancing wildly as if they are performing a tribal ritual to strange music. A figure stands in front of the crowd feeding off the energy they are creating. He then holds up a record and sets it down and adjusts a few knobs between two record tables. The sound changes pace and as the crowd develops more energy I slowly begin to find myself dancing like everyone else. As time passes, I meet friendly new faces, exchange numbers, and maybe even trade kandy. Hours go by in what seems like minutes. The music dies down and the lights come on. The building once flooded with beautiful and wildly dancing people, is once again just an abandoned building. I exit the building and realize what was darkness a few hours ago has now become light again. Looking into the sky, I think to myself What an amazing night! The music was great; people were amazing, and the vibe was terrific. I anticipate the next weekend so I can do it all over again and meet more colorful people who share the same love for creativity, music, and pride in ones self as I do. This is what raves are all abo...

The Tierra Capri Gobble Story

The Tierra Capri Gobble Story Tierra Capri Gobble was sentenced to death in Alabama in 2005 for the beating death of her four-month-old son, Phoenix Cody Parrish. Phoenix Cody Parrish was born on August 8, 2004, in Plant City, Florida. Within 24 hours of being born Cody was removed from his mothers custody by the Florida Department of Children and Families. The department had previously charged Gobble with the abandonment of her first child, Jewell, and had removed her from her mothers care. Court Order to Stay Away Ignored Jewell and Cody were placed with Gobbles uncle, Edgar Parrish, who agreed to take temporary custody of the children. Parrish also agreed to keep the children away from Gobble and Codys father, Samuel Hunter. Both Gobble and Hunter were also given a court order to stay away from the children. Soon after gaining custody of Cody, Parrish moved to Dothan, Alabama. By the end of October 2004, both Gobble and Hunter had moved into Parrishs mobile home with him, his roommate Walter Jordan and the children. The Death of Cody Parish According to Gobble, in the early morning hours of December 15, 2004, she was having trouble getting Cody to go to sleep because he was fussing. At around 1:00 a.m. Gobble went to feed him. After he finished his bottle, she put him back in his crib. She checked on him again at around 9:00 a.m. and found him playing. Gobble went back to sleep and awoke at 11:00 a.m. When she went to check on Cody she discovered that he was not breathing. Gobble called Jordan, who was also in the trailer that morning. Jordan went to get Parrish, who was nearby. Parrish returned to the trailer and telephoned emergency 911. When paramedics arrived, Cody was unresponsive, and they rushed him to a local hospital. Attempts to resuscitate him were unsuccessful and he was pronounced dead. The Autopsy Report The autopsy showed that Cody died as a result of blunt-force trauma to his head. His skull had been fractured. Cody had numerous other injuries, including fractured ribs, a fracture to his right arm, fractures to both wrists, multiple bruises on his face, head, neck, and chest and a tear in the inside of his mouth that was consistent with a bottle having been shoved into his mouth. Officer Tracy McCord of the Houston County Sheriffs Department took Gobble into custody several hours after Cody was taken to the hospital. Gobble told McCord that she was Codys primary caretaker even though Parrish was his guardian and that she would occasionally get frustrated with him when he would not go to sleep. She admitted that she could have broken his ribs from holding him too tightly. Gobble also said and that when she was holding Cody she leaned down in the crib to get his blanket quickly and Codys head might have struck the side of the crib at that time. As a result of the autopsy and remarks Gobble made to McCord, she was charged with capital murder. The Trial The state prosecutors accused Gobble of slamming Codys head against his crib which resulted in his death. Dr. Jonas R. Salne, the emergency room doctor who treated Cody at Southeast Alabama Medical Center, testified that Cody had bruises, contusions, on his face, scalp, and chest - literally everywhere. He also testified that the injuries that Cody suffered would have been extremely painful. Tori Jordan testified that she had known Gobble for over two years and that she had periodically babysat Jewell. She said that Gobble had told her that if she couldnt have her children, no one could. Gobbles Testimony During the trial Gobble testified in her own defense and portrayed Hunter as abusive and domineering. She alluded to the fact that Hunter abused Cody. She also testified that she was the primary caretaker for the children even though she was under a court order to not be around her children. She said that several days before his death she noticed that Cody had bruises on his body, but she did not do anything because she was scared. Gobble further testified that she was the only person to have contact with Cody for the 10 hours immediately before his death. She did not telephone 9-1-1 when she realized he was not breathing because she did not want to get into trouble. Cross-Examination During her cross-examination, the State introduced a letter written by Gobble in which she wrote that she was responsible for Codys death. In the letter Gobble writes, Its my fault that my son died but I didnt mean for it to happen. The jury convicted Gobble of capital murder. By a vote of 10 to 2, it was recommended that Gobble be sentenced to death. The circuit court followed the jurys recommendation and sentenced Gobble to death. Also convicted: Samuel David Hunter pleaded guilty to manslaughter and was sentenced to prison. He was released on February 25, 2009. Edgar Parrish pleaded guilty to aggravated child abuse and was released from prison on November 3, 2008. Thrown Away The body of Phoenix Cody Parrish was never claimed from the morgue. Gobbles father and step-mother, who testified in court that their daughter was a loving mother, never showed up to bury the child, nor did any other relative. A group of concerned citizens in Dothan felt as if the child, who had endured abuse from the time he was born, had simply been thrown away. A collection was organized and enough money was raised to buy clothes to bury Cody in, along with a casket and a burial plot. On December 23, 2004, Cody Parrish was buried by caring, tearful strangers.

Thomas Jeffersons two terms in office Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Thomas Jeffersons two terms in office - Essay Example Thomas Jefferson’s two terms in office Washington had constraint the operations of the judiciary to deliver justice to all Americans by allowing it to be overly influenced by federalists. Jefferson succeeded in eliminating federal influences in the judiciary by making the Supreme Court independence. The independence of the judiciary was a critical aspect in America’s rise to a justly state. His intention to repeal the 1801 Judiciary Act, remove judges untrustworthy judges from office, and eliminate district courts from the judicial structure were motivated by his intention to see an efficient and effective judicial system that functions within the budgeted expenditures (Bailey, 2001). He also ensured that the executives operate within the constitutional frameworks and are non-partisan in their actions as this was critical to America’s growth. Additionally, Jefferson was committed to strengthening the nation’s economy through elimination of debt and superfluous taxes that were deemed offensive and unreasonably burdened struggling Americans. He saw a ballooning national debt as a cesspool of bigoted patronage (Denson, 2001). Unlike Washington, Jefferson believed that the nation could build foreign credit without carrying a huge national debt. However, I believe that his misdoing came in during the Louisiana Purchase when he candidly violated his powers and borrowed gold from England only to reimburse with treasury bonds which particularly increased the state’s external debt as it is equaled to debt.

Denver art museum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Denver art museum - Essay Example One can easily identify that Swentzell inculcated the traditional pottery making process discovered by Santa Clara potters. In the Artwork, one can see a Tewa clown with a broken horn. He is fully immersed in the process of repairing his horn, which seems to be broken. The foreground of the work consists of colors like brown and grey. The background consists of shades of black and blue. The combination of brown and black, especially the black stripes helps the viewer to realize the importance of the process of repairing the broken horn. I like this figure because it gives due importance to traditional pottery making technology. II. Tipi, Standing Bear The Artwork Tipi (see appendix -2), by Standing Bear represents the nomadic lifestyle of Native American tribal people. The Tipi is a particular dwelling place which is made up of buffalo hides. Linda A. Holley states that â€Å"As cloth material became available in the early mid- nineteenth century, covers started to change† (31 ). Now, canvas is used to make tipi. In this artwork, Standing Bear made use of drawings to decorate the same. From the artwork, one can easily identify that the construction of a tipi is simple. For instance, a number of sticks are used to make the structure. But the drawing that can be seen on the outer surface is complicated. For instance, in the Artwork, one can see a number of horses and human beings.

High school Essay Example for Free

High school Essay ?Many high school students in Vietnam are confused whether or not they should be enforced to participate in volunteering. On September 30th 2011, Ms. Pham Phuong Thao started to share her opinions about this concern by writing the â€Å"Student- Help Our Country† article in Community Action Blog spot. On the contrary side, one month after that by 3rd October 2011, Mr. Andy Nguyen has posted â€Å"Student Deserve Choice† article on the same Blog space. These two authors represent completely different views on the topic â€Å"volunteering and students†. The aim of this essay is to critically respond to the authors argument. In Pham’s article, she asserts that it should be compulsory for Vietnamese high school students to do volunteering for helping with their society problems, for example, the problems of orphan and kid street or flooding. She has two strong points for supporting her view. First of all, she thinks that the students to do volunteering will help the society and also save the government budget. On the second point, she expresses that there are even benefits that the students can gain by attending in voluntary works. She explains in details that they can learn several useful soft skills such as leadership, communication interaction, planning, logistics in which they can apply in their future life. In contrast, Mr. Nguyen debates that it is impractical and unfair for high school students to be forced to do voluntary works in Vietnam. He also has two reasons for his argument He interprets that the student’s willingness to join in volunteering is the key point however in reality only few student want to donate like this way. He explains if the government try forcing unwilling people to volunteer, this work make less efficient. Besides, he concludes the government should be held on responsible for country‘s problems instead of fully relying on students volunteering. There are several problems with Pham’s argument that when the students attend in voluntary works they can gain various useful skills for their future life. The purpose of volunteerism is that they need entourage to work according to their requirements rather than giving the students official skill trainings. Therefore, there is not guarantee that students can get those skills are mentioned above. Besides, those skills are not suitable the kids who are studying high school period. Mr. Nguyen’s opinions deserve to get attention when he declares that the students do not concern on helping their humanity real problems such as the orphans, the street kids. And, they think they should have the right to make decision on their volunteering approach instead of forcing by government. It cannot be denied that Vietnamese high school students are affected by the poor quality education on the way from kindergarten to high school. The school never focuses on teaching about human value, self motivation and living skills but teaching a lot of redundant academic knowledge. Therefore, the students do not really want to share their life to help person who bears one’s tribulations. In additional, people must acknowledge that the â€Å"volunteer† definition means â€Å"a person who voluntarily undertakes or expresses a willingness to undertake a service† (http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/volunteer). According to the above definition the enforcement of voluntary tasks does not make sense. Pham makes a weak statement when she supports that government should enforce the high school students to join in the volunteering due to lack of human resource. In contrary, Nguyen’ argument that government should solve country’s problems by themselves because the students are not eager to help, is more convincing. The government is the highest and the most powerful organization in the country so that they have full responsible for dealing with any national and social issues. They can determinate on using their yearly revenue. Take, for example, there are many parents put their children in front of orphan house because they cannot afford their living cost. The government can hire labor to build more orphan house and funding for those associations instead of spending the budget on sport and recreational activities. Another reason is kids who are at the high school age focus on general academic knowledge. More to the point, they also have not enough abilities to handle with society’s issues. Furthermore, it is true to say that most of high school students think they make their own choice to contribute in volunteering because they feel more comfortable and enthusiasm. Volunteering is a good works just in case kids do it with whole their hearts. In conclusion, Ms. Pham’s expression that government should force the high school students to join in the voluntary programs is not convincing the readers. In the contrast, Mr. Nguyen argues that the student can make their choice in volunteering is more persuading. Every nation always support for the freedom of their society so they respect the choice of their citizens. The most important is to provide the sufficient education so that people have enough knowledge to make their own decision.

Church and Religion in the Songs of Innocence and Experience Essay

Church and Religion in the Songs of Innocence and Experience Throughout â€Å"Innocence† and â€Å"Experience,† many poems incorporate religious views and imagery. Blake presents many contradicting views on the Church and religion, the contrast being particularly clear between â€Å"Innocence† and â€Å"Experience.† Within the â€Å"Songs of Innocence† a child-like portrayal of Church and religion is portrayed. Throughout â€Å"Innocence† there are many references to â€Å"The Lamb† representing Jesus Christ who was the Sacrificial Lamb, as shown in the poem â€Å"The Lamb.† Another common image of religion used by Blake is that of religion as the Shepherd, the Shepherd is â€Å"watchful† and ever watching over his sheep, protecting them, Blake is showing religion as being ever-present and constantly present. This is a very child-like and partial view of Christ. Religion is portrayed in a child like manner, as is Christ in the poem â€Å"On Another’s Sorrow,† Christ is portrayed as â€Å"[giving] his joy to all† as he is embodied both within an â€Å"infant small† and â€Å"men of woe.† Also in â€Å"On Another’s Sorrow,† religion is seen as immanent, as God â€Å"gives to us his joy.† A simple view is portrayed: one that God is ever present and is there within everyone. Images of the Church and religion are juxtaposed to images of joy, fun and laughter, showing the simple view of religion portrayed. This view is extended in â€Å"The Divine Image† in which the balanced structure continues the child-like view of religion. The image that God is present within everyone is also shown in â€Å"The Divine Image† is that God is ever-present within everyone. In â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper,† religion is used to help the chimney sweeps get through their arduous days, and the vision of Christ helped h... ...are shown as â€Å"walking around in black gowns† and â€Å"binding briars with [his] joys and desires† thorns, representing the Church and religion, were restricting his life, and joy was prohibited. Within â€Å"The Human Abstract† religion is referred to as the â€Å"dismal shade of mystery,† and the priests are the â€Å"ravens† which have made â€Å"[their] nests in the thickest shade.† A negative image of the Church is explored, as the Church is shading people from the light. The theme of religion is one central to both â€Å"The Songs of Innocence† and the â€Å"Songs of Experience† as a result of this, Blake could be seen as â€Å"primarily a religious poet.† Although the theme is ongoing, within â€Å"Experience† many other themes are also explored, showing that Blake, although concentrating primarily on religion, did explore other themes relevant to everyday and the current state of living.

Case Study Nissin Essay

I. Synopsis (summary of the case including theoretical context of the problem) II. 2nd part A. Time Context (the time when the problem was noted) B. Case Viewpoint (indentification of the real owner of the problem) C. Statement of the Problem (in a gap or difficulty that deter or prevents the company from achieving its objectives D. Statement of the Objectives (ends or results that you would like to accomplish) E. Statement of the Areas of Consideration (Facts of the case in outline form) F. Statement of the Alternative Courses of Action (A choice between two or more possible solution to solve the problem.) (minimum acad requirements should be two with advantages and disadvantages for each alternative). G. Statement of Conclusion (the Final decision) H. Statement of Recommendation (Plans of action presented in Tabular form indicating activities, assigned person or department and target date of completion) Case Study I. Synopsis The Study is about the company, Monde Nissin where all of the heads of the department comprising the said company were gathered to reiview and discuss the year’s performance for its instant noodle line. The said meeting was initiated by the demand analyst of the said company. He/She reported that their sales growth over that past year has been a single digit from years 2006 to 2008, with respect to the previous years which was year 2003 to year 2005. They discussed the problem as to how did their sales growth decline, some of the department heads reported that the decline was due to increase in price of their product. The increase in product price was due to the increase of imported wheat, the price of dollar is still unstable, and the addition of the brand new warehouse. They also said the population in the Philippines  decreased consumption of instant noodles and other staples due to increase in prices of goods. Some also said that the population in the country today is more concerned with their health and wellness, some people are also environmentally conscious and some people also want products that has variability. With these constraints, the department heads concluded that they should produce a new product which features health and wellness but the introduction of a new product in the market will require high cost, because they will recalibrate their facilities because their facilities are not flexible therefore incurring high cost. II. A. Time Context The problem was noted in year 2008. B. Case Viewpoint The main problem of the Case Study is why the sales growth of the Company declined and how to make their sales growth rise again. C. Statement of the Problem The company is faced with many problems or challenges, these are: a. The imported wheat price is rising b. The dollar remains to be unstable c. The costs they are incurring because of the new warehouse d. The decreasing consumption of the public with their product due to increase of the prices of goods e. The increasing demand for products that has Health and Wellness benefits, products that are good for the environment and products that has variability D. Statement of the Objectives f. To help the company increase its sales growth E. Statement of the Areas of Consideration g. The company has to consider the increase in price of imported wheat h. The dollar that is still unstable i. The decrease of the public in buying their product due to increase of price of goods j. The increasing demand for products that has Health and Wellness benefits, products that are good for the environment and products that has variability.

Genetically Modified Foods Essay

The world is slowly running out of food. Impoverished people have nowhere to turn. Biotechnology researchers think they have found a way to reverse the world famine. This way is through genetically modified foods which are foods that come from genetically engineered organisms. Examples of such organisms are sheep, cows, and fish. However, since it is a new invention, it is being met with harsh and legitimate concerns. While it may help the world’s food crisis, it may also do that at the expense of human health. Moreover, In the 90’s in the USA, the Food and Drug Administration decided that genetically modified food was safe and did not require special regulation. They stated that is was, â€Å"not inherently dangerous. † (FDA, 1998). This allowed genetically modified food such as soybean oils and tomatoes to enter the market. There are lots of ideas about the GMF. Some scientists say that it is no harmful affects of GMF and it may be a solution for scarcity of food and even it is healthy. However, some others say that GMFs are dangerous for public health. And It can damage biodiversity. Genetically modified foods may be a good solition to increase the amount of food. The problem is there are lots of people go to sleep hungry everyday and the number of hungry people is getting bigger. And International Food Policy Research Institute state there are â€Å"120 devoloping countries† which are very close to limit of hunger and â€Å"57 of which with a serious or worse hunger situation. (Global Hunger Index, 7) The reason of this hunger is there is not enough food to feed them and because the world population is getting higher but the areas which use in farming are getting smaller. Farmers could not find suitable area to plant their crops. That is why, They have to find a different solution to be productive. Conko argues that biotech agriculture is the method by which we can increase agricultural productivity without resorting to increases in harmful chemical fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides. In the Genetic Modification it says that genetic modification provides a means to confer resistance to broad-spectrum herbicides into crops where current weed control is considered difficult. In this way, farmers can be more productive and they can get more product on their fields. â€Å"In the United States, in 2002 about 5. 5 million farmers in 145 nations were planting more than 145 million acres worth of GM crops. † (Conko) On the other hand, genetically modified herbicide tolerant crops might have a negative impact on biodiversity. Genetically Modified crops have an impact on birds and insect. A crop plant modified to be toxic to insect pests can have a direct harmful effect on non-target insects if they eat the plant. It can also have an indirect effect by reducing the insects that are a food source for other wildlife, such as farmland birds. Genetically Modified crops that are tolerant to herbicides could also lead to a reduction in weed populations that act as refuges for beneficial insects, and those that are eaten by birds. This process takes time because of this GM crops evaluate as a good solution but it can destroy the biological diversity. And US conservation organization Royal Society,founded in London In 1660 is a learned society for science, support it. They state that the likelihood of the spread of Genetically modified into the wild populations, the risk of superweeds being produced, the impact Genetically modified introductions might have on the colonies of micro organisms living in the soil and how such risks can be assesed and analysed. Also John Innes Centre, Founded in England is an independent centre for research and training in plant and microbial science, state that Monarch butterfly larvae fed only on leaves covered in pollen from Bt corn grew more slowly and suffered higher death rates and pink bollworm fed on cotton producing the Bt toxin. Aphids fed on Genetically Modified potatoes producing a different toxin were also reported to have a harmful effect on ladybirds feeding on the aphids. Genetically Modified crops can be beneficial for health in terms of their food value. Foods include lots of vitamins which are necessary to our body. In early days, our foods were full of vitamins, proteins, carbohydrate and they were occupied with value. However, now there are not enough foods which are full of value. Because there are lots of environmental factors like global warming which causes to summers takes long time, and scarcity of water, and also some pests. These factors effect the crops and farmers have to use pesticide and this cause to decrease food value. And it leads lots of health problems. And the one of the most important health problem is Vitamin A deficiency. This is the cause of at least â€Å"1 million childhood deaths† each year and is â€Å"considered the single most serious cause of blindness amongst children† in the developing countries. â€Å"A possible solution to this problem is the genetic modification of rice. † ( Potrykus, quoted inGenetic Modification) Although GM foods are benefical for the food value, in some circumstances, it can be very harmful for human health. Without too much control eating genetically modified food can be dangerous and it can lead lots of diseases like Eosonophil Myalgia Syndrome. In this debate, the Physicians and Scientists for Responsible Application of Science and Technology, is a website to educate the general public about genetic engineering in general and foods, revealed that After eating a food supplement produced by genetically engineered bacteria, â€Å"37 persons were killed 1500 people were permanently disabled† in the US in a disease called Eosonophil Myalgia Syndrome. It was caused by one or more extremely poisonous substances that unexpectdedly appeared in this food supplement. This accident confirms the predictions of molecular biologists that genetic engineering can cause the appearance of dangerous unexpected substances. As a Conclusion, there are lots of arguments in the GMF. Maybe It can be a solution for lots of problems, maybe it can be invention of the this century. I think, however, without too much researching about GMF we cannot use it to gain profit. Because human health is important than anything. We have to more careful. In the future, After very deep research about the GMF, we can solve the sustanibility problem.

Free Essays on Reaction

When someone puts you in danger, you have two choices of how to react. You could look at all the good qualities that person may have, or focus on the few things they did wrong. In â€Å"the Diary of Anne Frank†, written by Frances Goodrich and Albert Hackett, Anne is one character that tends to look at the good side of people, rather than focusing on the bad. She almost always reacted with optimistic, empathetic, and positive feelings, three of her best character traits. With such a good attitude towards everything, she could always cheer the others up. Anne is someone that the other people hiding in the attic could have learned a lot from. In fact, anyone could learn a great deal of coping skills from Anne if they read her diary. Sometimes people choose to hate people because it is an easier way out and may be a quick solution. Although it is natural to be angry when safety is threatened, it is more admirable to look to the goodness possessed by most people. Optimism is the key to true happiness. One of Anne’s most powerful character traits is her optimistic attitude, because it made her able to always look on the bright side of things, instead of thinking negatively. For instance, the quote from Anne’s diary, â€Å"In spite of everything, I still believe people are really good at heart.† (p. 87) shows how she is optimistic. Even though they had been forced to leave their home, friends, and normal life to go into hiding, she never seemed to focus on the obvious evil that was right in front of her. She looked at it more like a stage in someone’s life, that everyone goes through, whether it’s big or small. This helped Anne to live a happier, more cheerful life, and that is most likely how she got through the time they lived secretly in the annex. Being optimistic means that you are quite hopeful, and hope is something you need for survival. With a brighter view on life, optimistic people tend to be the ha ppiest in the long run. ... Free Essays on Reaction Free Essays on Reaction When someone puts you in danger, you have two choices of how to react. You could look at all the good qualities that person may have, or focus on the few things they did wrong. In â€Å"the Diary of Anne Frank†, written by Frances Goodrich and Albert Hackett, Anne is one character that tends to look at the good side of people, rather than focusing on the bad. She almost always reacted with optimistic, empathetic, and positive feelings, three of her best character traits. With such a good attitude towards everything, she could always cheer the others up. Anne is someone that the other people hiding in the attic could have learned a lot from. In fact, anyone could learn a great deal of coping skills from Anne if they read her diary. Sometimes people choose to hate people because it is an easier way out and may be a quick solution. Although it is natural to be angry when safety is threatened, it is more admirable to look to the goodness possessed by most people. Optimism is the key to true happiness. One of Anne’s most powerful character traits is her optimistic attitude, because it made her able to always look on the bright side of things, instead of thinking negatively. For instance, the quote from Anne’s diary, â€Å"In spite of everything, I still believe people are really good at heart.† (p. 87) shows how she is optimistic. Even though they had been forced to leave their home, friends, and normal life to go into hiding, she never seemed to focus on the obvious evil that was right in front of her. She looked at it more like a stage in someone’s life, that everyone goes through, whether it’s big or small. This helped Anne to live a happier, more cheerful life, and that is most likely how she got through the time they lived secretly in the annex. Being optimistic means that you are quite hopeful, and hope is something you need for survival. With a brighter view on life, optimistic people tend to be the ha ppiest in the long run. ...

Oaths of Office For Federal Officials

Oaths of Office For Federal Officials An oath of office is a promise required of most  federal officials to carry out the duties set forth in the U.S. Constitution. The president and vice president, members of the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate, and justices joining the U.S. Supreme Court all publicly take oaths before assuming office. But what do those oaths of office say? And what do they mean? Heres a look at the oaths taken by top officials in federal governments executive, legislative and judicial branches. The Presidents Oath of Office The president is required by  Article II, Section I of the U.S. Constitution to take the following oath of office: I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States. Most presidents choose to take that oath while placing a hand on a Bible, which is often open to a specific verse that is important to the times or to the incoming commander-in-chief. The Vice Presidents Oath of Office The vice president takes the oath of office at the same ceremony as the president. Until 1933, the vice president took the oath in the U.S. Senate chambers. The vice presidents oath  dates from 1884  and is the same as that taken by members of Congress: I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter: So help me God. Beginning with the swearing in of John Adams in 1797, the oath has been administered by the chief justice of the Supreme Court. For most of the nations history, inauguration day was March 4. Since President Franklin D. Roosevelts second term in 1937, that ceremony occurs on Jan. 20, according to the 20th Amendment, which specifies that a presidents term should begin at noon on that date of the year following a presidential election.Not all oaths of office have occurred on inauguration day. Eight vice presidents have taken the oath of office upon the death of a president, while another was sworn in following a presidential resignation, according to U.S. Senate records. Vice President John Tyler  was sworn in on April 6, 1841, following the death of President William Henry Harrison.Vice President Millard Fillmore was sworn in on  July 10, 1850, following the death of President Zachary Taylor.Vice President Andrew Johnson was sworn in on April  15, 1865, following the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln.Vice President Chester Alan Arthur was sworn in on  Sept. 20, 1881, following the assassination of President James Garfield.Vice President Theodore Roosevelt  was sworn in on Sept. 14,  1901, following the assassination of President William McKinley.Vice President Calvin Coolidge was sworn in on Aug. 3,  1923, following the death of President Warren Harding.Vice President Harry Truman was sworn in on  April 12, 1945, following the death of President Franklin Roosevelt.Vice President Lyndon Johnson was sworn in on Nov. 22, 1963, following the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.Vice President Gerald R. Ford was sworn in on Aug. 9, 1974, following the resignation of President Richard Nixon. The U.S. Supreme Courts Oath of Office Each Supreme Court Justice takes the following oath: I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will administer justice without respect to persons, and do equal right to the poor and to the rich, and that I will faithfully and impartially discharge and perform all the duties incumbent upon me as under the Constitution and laws of the United States. So help me God. Oaths of Office for Members of Congress At the start of each new Congress, the entire House of Representatives and one-third of the Senate are sworn into office. This oath-taking dates to 1789, the first Congress; however, the current oath was fashioned in the 1860s, by Civil War-era members of Congress. The first members of Congress developed this simple 14-word oath: I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support the Constitution of the United States. The Civil War led  Lincoln to develop an expanded oath for all federal civilian employees in April 1861. When Congress reconvened later that year, its members enacted legislation requiring employees to take the expanded oath in support of the Union. This oath is the earliest direct predecessor of the modern oath.The current oath was enacted in 1884. It reads: I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter: So help me God. The public swearing-in ceremony consists of members of Congress  raising their right hands and repeating the oath of office. This ceremony is led by the Speaker of the House, and no religious texts are used. Some members of Congress later hold separate private ceremonies for photo ops. [This article has been amended by Tom Murse.]

Therapy Practitioner Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Therapy Practitioner - Personal Statement Example I love this work by serving peoples, making them to knowabout the almighty. Also my love and the result of medication make the people to feel better. I do follow certain principle from others to make the mood of patient happy and also to boost their confidence level. I have a big plan to practice an eco friendly therapy and co operative therapy by getting the views from other experienced therapist. My plans as a certified happy THERAPY PRACTITIONER extend my vision so I have created a website so that many peoples will come to knowaboutme and about Angel Therapy. I ask everyone to visit my website to know about Angel Therapy. This is a science and art of reading our own mind. I would like to integrate angel work and counseling work to help them to be able to help themselves in a long run in various aspects of their lives. Ilike to do some teaching work of Angel Therapy. Anyone can visit this site and can get connect to me. After fixing the appointment through mail or phone calls visitors cancome to me for counseling to get relief from there the problems. I am sure that I can give you a best result on counseling. I have started some Angel works that are listed in my website. My website will give u a clear idea about our work. Some of the topics in our website are The above are some of the stuff that is being practiced by me. So visitmy website for more details.

Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Abortion - Essay Example topic of abortion first from a standpoint of statistical data which reinforces the fact that teen pregnancy, though declining in number, is leading to an abortion epidemic in the U.S., â€Å"In the U.S., teen abortion accounts for 19% of all procedures of this nature†(Huttenlocker, 2008). Establishing quantitative data by obtaining statistics from a reliable source is an effective approach to structuring a sound and convincing argument on any topic, especially one of this nature. Huttenlocker proceeds to establish that though teen pregnancy has actually declined in number within the last ten years, the abortion rate has not. This validates the fact that abortion is being treated as a means of birth control as opposed to being a last resort decision in extreme circumstances. By going on to include health information pertinent to teens having abortions, Huttenlocker is able to clearly establish the notion that abortion may not be the best alternative for teens, especially as a m eans of birth control, â€Å"Teens are at higher risk for post-abortion infections such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and endometritis (inflammation of the uterus), which may be caused either by the spread of an undiagnosed sexually transmitted disease into the uterus during the abortion, or by micro-organisms on the surgical instruments which are inserted into the uterus†(Huttenlocker, 2008). Huttenlocker does not exhibit specific rhetoric which serves to convince his reader as much as he presents claims supported by quantitative data thus reinforcing his credibility. This method utilized by Huttenlocker leaves little room for fallacy or the suspicion of it. This article does not leave its reader in the dust as does the following article but instead, actively informs the reader without prejudice or preaching and thus should be rated as 1 out of 4, 1 being the highest rating due to skilled rhetoric, without a great deal of unsubstantiated claims or fallacies. The next article was

Federal Fairfax ACt (H.R 25 and S13) and SCFarifax Act (H-3993) Assignment

Federal Fairfax ACt (H.R 25 and S13) and SCFarifax Act (H-3993) - Assignment Example The idea behind this legislation is that it seeks to simplify the current tax code, expand home ownership, un-tax the poor, improve global competitiveness, promote higher education and charitable giving and create more jobs. The underlying assumption was that consumption provides a more stable and fairer base for taxation than income. The bill has conveniently been called â€Å"A bill to promote freedom, fairness and economic opportunity by repealing the income tax and other taxes, abolishing the internal Revenue Service and enacting a national sales tax to be administered primarily by the states.† The Fair-Tax plan is a comprehensive proposal that replaces all federal income and payroll-based taxes with an integrated approach including a progressive National Retail Sales Tax (NRST) and a prebate to ensure that no American citizen pays federal taxes on spending up to the poverty level, dollar-for-dollar federal revenue neutrality and through companion legislation, the repeal of the 16th Amendment. The proposed Fair-Tax would be a broad-based, destination type consumption tax with statutory tax liability on final consumers and tax collection in the hands of sellers of goods and services to these consumers. The tax base would include all supplies of goods and services, which would mean a substantial enlargement compared to the tax base of the current state sales and use taxes. It promotes neutrality as tax cascading is prevented by taxing all final consumption of goods and services and by exempting business inputs. Under the fair tax act, the IRS will be disbanded and in its place a new excise tax bureau established within the department of treasury to collect remaining excise taxes. The social security administration would collect Social Security and Medicare payroll taxes. The NRST would collect the revenue services of the individual states. It

Effects of an oil price shock on importing and exporting countries

Effects of an oil price shock on importing and exporting countries From the middle of twentieth century, due to exceptional importance of the crude oil in the supply of the worlds energy demands, it has become one of the major indicators of economic activities of the world. Even after the appearance of alternate forms of energy like solar power, water and wind, the importance of crude oil as the main source of energy still cannot be denied. This sharp increase in the world oil prices and the volatile exchange rates are generally regarded as the factors of discouraging economic growth. Particularly, the very recent highs, recorded in the world oil market bring apprehension about possible slump in the economic growth in both developed and developing countries. A large number of researchers proposed that exchange rate volatility and oil price fluctuations have considerable consequences on real economic activities. The impact of oil price fluctuation is expected to be different between in oil exporting and in oil importing countries. An oil price increase should be considered as bad news for oil importing countries and good news for oil exporting countries, while the reverse should be expected when the oil price decreases. Through demand and supply transmission mechanism, oil prices impacts the real economic activity. The supply side effects are associated with the fact that crude oil is a basic input to production, and an increase in oil price leads to a rise in production costs ultimately that result in firms lower output. Oil prices changes also entail demand-side effects on investment and consumption. Consumption is also affected indirectly through its positive relation with disposable income. Moreover, oil prices have an adverse impact on investment by increasing firms costs. On the other hand it is generally recognized that the depreciation of exchange rate would reduce imports and expand exports, while the appreciation of exchange rate would encourage imports and discourage exports. Especially a depreciation of the exchange rate leads to income transfer to exporting countries from importing countries through a shift in the terms of trade. Since 2003, oil prices increased continuously, even touched the peak of $137 per barrel in July 2008, but after that a declining trend was observed. After 1970s, many negative oil shocks hit the world economies. The first one was during 1973-74 caused by OPEC oil prohibition, and secondly in 1978-79 when the OPEC put restraints on its oil production. This rising trend in oil prices continued until mid 1980s, subsequently, Iraq-Iran war in early 1980s further shoot up the prices. However in 1986, when Saudi Arabia increased its crude oil production, oil price tend to decreased. In 1990s, Iraq-Kuwait war was a major factor of oil price increase but it was ended in a year because of Asian financial crisis. In 1999-2000 the OPEC again narrow its production leading to another price shock. The latest and last oil price shock was started in the year 2003 which continued till July 2008. In other words, oil prices have always remained quite volatile. According to report of IEA (2004) , these price shocks have raised serious concerns among the policy makers all over the world. The adverse economic impact of higher oil prices on oil-importing developing countries is generally considered as more worse than for the developed countries because of their more reliance on imported oil and are more energy-intensive. Malik. A (2007) also mentioned in her research that, the recent surge in the oil prices especially after 2000 has worried many economists about its possible adverse impacts. This increasing trend in the oil prices has hurt many of the economies worldwide including that of Pakistan, in terms of creating inflationary pressures, increasing budget deficit and balance of payment problems. According to ADB (2005) report, supply, demand, and speculative factors, and their interrelationships, all leads towards the steady rise in oil prices. From the last many years, all over the world, the demand for oil grew due to economic strength and growth in the US, as well as strong economic performance in developing Asian countries specially China and India. From 1990s to 2003 global demand for oil grew at the rate of 1.3 % whereas for the People Republic of China and India the combined rates is at 7 % and accounted for almost 40 percent of the demand growth. There are various empirical literatures, investigating the relationship between oil price variations and economic growth. The existence of a negative relationship between macro-economic activities and oil prices has become widely accepted especially after Hamiltons 1983 work. He pointed out that increase in oil prices, reduced US output growth from 1948 to 1980. Hamiltons findings have been confirmed and extended by many authors and researcher. Hooker (1996) confirmed and extended Hamiltons work for the period 1948 to 1972 and demonstrated that the oil price level and its changes do reflect the influence on GDP growth. This is shown in the third and fourth quarters after the shock that rise of 10% in oil prices lead to a GDP growth decrease of approximately 0.6 %. Accordingly, Lee et al. (1995) Mork (1989), and Hamilton (1996) presented the non-linear transformations of oil prices to re-establish the negative association between oil prices increases and economic decline, as well as t hese researchers also analyzed Granger causality between both variables. The result of Granger causality test proved that oil prices Granger cause U.S. economy before 1973 but no longer Granger cause was found from 1973 to 1994. Recently, Hamilton (2003) and Jimenez and Rodrà ­guez (2004) also confirms the non-linear relationship between the economic growth of U.S. economy and increases of oil prices The quantitative exercise conducted by the IEA in alliance with the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and development) department of Economics and with the assistance of IMF Research department in 2004, indicated that a continued $10 per barrel increase in oil price would result in the decrease of about 0.4 % OECD as a whole, in the first and second years of higher prices. Inflation would increase by half a percentage and unemployment would also increase in this case. The OECD imported the oil at a cost of over $260 billion in 2003 which is 20% more than its 2001 oil need. European countries, which are highly dependent on oil imports, would suffer most in the short term, their GDP dropping by 0.5% and inflation rising by 0.5% in 2004. The U.S would suffer the least, with GDP falling by 0.3%, because its indigenous production meets a bigger share of its oil needs. Japans GDP would fall 0.4%, This analysis assumes constant exchange rates and economic growth for the US econom y. The present paper is the extension of the existing empirical literature in two directions. First, we have not focused on the oil importing US economy only , rather we analyzed the effects of an oil price shock in two different type of countries which include five oil exporting countries i.e. Saudi Arabia, Norway, Venezuela, Kuwait , Nigeria and five oil importing country i.e. Pakistan, India , China, Japan , Germany. Secondly, we will not only demonstrate the relationship between oil prices and real economic growth but we will also analyze the role of the real exchange rate for real economic growth. Oil Importing Countries China Chinas real GDP has increased continuously at surprising rate of 10% per year in recent years. Simultaneously with strong economic growth, its demand for energy is also surging rapidly. The figure 1 clearly shows about the oil consumption and production behavior of the country which tends the country to import from different countries. China produces 3798 thousand barrels per day and consumes 8200 thousand barrels per day of oil in 2009. This means that China has to import roughly 4402 thousand barrels per day to meet its consumption needs per day. In the year 2007, China was declared as the worlds third largest net importer of oil behind the U.S and Japan. In July 2005, the reform of the exchange rate system was introduced by the central bank of China. After the reforms, the exchange rate of yuan was set according to a basket of other currencies. At the end of 2007, the yuan was appreciated by 7.5% approx. against the dollar, in consequence of these reforms. India According to the Oil Gas Journal (OGJ), India had second-largest amount of proven oil reserves i.e. 5.6 billion barrels in the Asia-Pacific region after China as of January 2009. With the high rates of economic growth and over 15 % of the worlds population, India has become one of the important consumer of energy resources. In 2006, India was the sixth largest oil consumption country of the world. The global financial and credit crises have slowed Indias significant economic growth particularly in its manufacturing sector. Due to this crunch, the GDP growth rates have turn down from 9.3 percent in 2007 to 5.3 % in the last quarter of 2008. Despite of this slow economic growth, Indias energy demand continues to rise. India is developing into an open-market economy now but traces of its past autarkic policies remain. The accelerated country growth was averaged at 7% since 1997 and the main factor behind this was economic liberalization, including reduced controls on foreign trade and investment, began in the early 1990s. An industrial slowdown early in 2008, followed by the global financial crisis, led annual GDP growth to slow to 6.5% in 2009, still the second highest growth in the world among major economies. The government abandoned its deficit target and allowed the deficit to reach 6.8% of GDP in FY10. Nevertheless, as shares of GDP, both government spending and taxation are among the lowest in the world. From the figure 2 it can easily be observed that the production of crude oil is not upto that level to meet consumer demand which tends the country to import from outsiders. From 1996 onward India is producing oil approximately with the same trend but consumption is increasing day by day. India produced 680.4 thousand bbl/d of total oil in 2009, of which approximately 650 thousand bbl/d was crude oil, with the rest of production resulting from other liquids and refinery gain. India has over 3,600 operating oil wells, according to OGJ. Although oil producti on in India has slightly trended upwards in recent years, it has failed to keep pace with demand and is expected by the EIA to decline slightly in 2009. Indias oil consumption has continued to be robust in recent years. In 2007, India consumed approximately 2.8 million bbl/d, making it the fifth largest consumer of oil in the world. In 2006, India was the seventh largest net importer of oil in the world. The EIA expects India to become the fourth largest net importer of oil in the world by 2025, behind the United States, China, and Japan. On the other hand the Govt of India control its exchange rate and after 2002 reforms , it tends to decrease and Indian currency tends to appreciate. Japan In the years following World War II, government-industry cooperation, a strong work ethic, mastery of high technology, and a comparatively small defense allocation (1% of GDP) helped Japan develop a technologically advanced economy. Today, measured on a purchasing power parity basis, Japan is the third-largest economy in the world after the US and China; measured by official exchange rates, however, Japan is the second largest economy in the world behind the US. Japan has virtually no domestic oil or natural gas reserves and is the second-largest net importer of crude oil and largest net importer of liquefied natural gas in the world. Including nuclear power, Japan is still only 16 percent energy self-sufficient. Japan remains one of the major exporters of energy-sector capital equipment and Japanese companies provide engineering, construction, and project management services for energy projects around the world. Japan has a strong energy research and development program that is supp orted by the government. Oil is the most consumed energy resource in Japan, although its share of total energy consumption has declined by about 30 percent since the 1970s. The figure 3 clearly shows about the oil consumption and production behavior of the country which tends the country to depends heavily on imports from different countries. Japan Oil production is very low and in 2009 it produces only 5.3 thousand barrels per day which is very low as compare to its consumption demand i.e. 4362.9 thousands barrel per day in 2009. This means that Japan has to import roughly 4357.02 thousand barrels per day to meet its consumption needs per day. Due to its gap between domestic consumption and production, Japan remains the second-largest net importer of oil after the United States. After 1970s Japan shows the declining trend in its exchange rate with dollar which means that dollar depreciate against Japanese yen. Growth slowed markedly in the 1990s, averaging just 1.7%, largely becaus e of the after effects of inefficient investment and an asset price bubble in the late 1980s that required a protracted period of time for firms to reduce excess debt, capital, and labor. In October 2007 Japans longest post-war period of economic expansion ended after 69 months and Japan entered into recession in 2008, with 2009 marking a return to near 0% interest rates. Germany The German economy the fifth largest economy in the world in PPP terms and Europes largest is a leading exporter of machinery, vehicles, chemicals, and household equipment and benefits from a highly skilled labor force. GDP grew just over 1% in 2008 and contracted roughly 5% in 2009. Germany crept out of recession in the second and third quarters of 2009, thanks largely to rebounding manufacturing orders and exports primarily outside the Euro Zone and relatively steady consumer demand. The German economy probably will recover to about 1.5% growth for the year 2010. Because of Germanys monetary dilemma, and because the German government as well as the nations bankers and industrialists have recognized German limitations and vulnerabilities, the exchange rate of the country remain very stable from the last many years against dollar. However, If we see the Figure 4, we can easily judge the oil consumption and production behavior of the German economy. In the year 2009 the total oil production was 30.8 thousand barrels per day while the consumption was 2,437 Thousand barrel per day. This means that roughly country had to imported 2406.2 thousand barrel per day of oil from other nations. As with the passage of time it reduces its consumption of oil due to environmental reforms but to fill the gap of Oil production and consumption, country have to rely heavily on oil imports. Pakistan Pakistan, an impoverished and underdeveloped country, has suffered from decades of internal political disputes and low levels of foreign investment. Between 2001-07, however, poverty levels decreased by 10%, as Islamabad steadily raised development spending. Between 2004-07, GDP growth in the 5-8% range was spurred by gains in the industrial and service sectors despite severe electricity shortfalls but growth slowed in 2008-09 and unemployment rose. Inflation remains the top concern among the public, jumping from 7.7% in 2007 to 20.3% in 2008, and 14.2% in 2009. In addition, the Pakistani rupee has depreciated since 2007 as a result of political and economic instability. The government agreed to an International Monetary Fund Standby Arrangement in November 2008 in response to a balance of payments crisis, but during 2009 its current account strengthened and foreign exchange reserves stabilized largely because of lower oil prices and record remittances from workers abroad. Figure 5 of oil consumption and production shows that Pakistan is not reach in oil production however, the ratio is quite good than other advanced economies. The consumption of oil in the year 2009 was 373 thousand barrel per day which was less as compare to 2008 i.e.396 thousand barrels per day. Oil Exporting Countries Kuwait Kuwait is one of the worlds top exporters of oil, with about 2.4 million barrels per day exported in 2008. Kuwaits economy is heavily dependent on oil export revenues which account for roughly 90 percent of total export earnings. Kuwait channels around 10 percent of its oil revenues into the Future Generations Fund for the day when oil income runs out. The Kuwaiti constitution forbids foreign ownership of Kuwaits mineral resources. The Kuwaiti Parliament passed the Foreign Direct Investment Act in 2001, aimed at promoting foreign investment in Kuwaits oil and gas sectors, which facilitated some development in those sectors. Kuwait has a geographically small, but wealthy, relatively open economy with self-reported crude oil reserves of about 102 billion barrels about 9% of world reserves. Petroleum accounts for nearly half of GDP, 95% of export revenues, and 95% of government income. Kuwaiti officials have committed to increasing oil production to 4 million barrels per day by 2020. Kuwait survived the economic crisis on the strength of budget surpluses generated by high oil prices, posting its tenth consecutive budget surplus in 2008, before slipping into deficit territory in 2009. Foreign exchange rates of Kuwaiti dinar are quite stable if compared with dollar. Figure 6 above shows the production and consumption capacity of the co untry which clearly depicts the exporting behavior of the country. In the year 2009 the total oil production was 2350 thousand barrels per day where as consumption was only 320 thousand barrels per day which allow the country to export the oil to other nations and increase their income level. From the figure the it can also seen the how Iraq- Kuwait war in 1992 impact the Kuwaiti oil market and its production. Venezuela Venezuela is one of the worlds largest exporters of crude oil and the largest in the Western Hemisphere. In 2008, the country was the eighth-largest net oil exporter in the world. The oil sector is of central importance to the Venezuelan economy. Venezuela remains highly dependent on oil revenues, which account for roughly 90% of export earnings, about 50% of the federal budget revenues, and around 30% of GDP. A nationwide strike between December 2002 and February 2003 had far-reaching economic consequences real GDP declined by around 9% in 2002 and 8% in 2003 but economic output since then has recovered strongly. President Hugo CHAVEZ in 2008-09 continued efforts to increase the governments control of the economy by nationalizing firms in the agribusiness, banking, tourism, oil, cement, and steel sectors. In 2007, he nationalized firms in the petroleum, communications, and electricity sectors. In January, 2010, CHAVEZ announced a dual exchange rate system for the fixed rate boliva r. The system offers a 2.6 bolivar per dollar rate for imports of essentials, including food, medicine, and industrial machinery, and a 4.3 bolivar per dollar rate for imports of other products, including cars and telephones. The nation is also the fifth largest member of the OPEC, in terms of production. As a result of its bountiful natural resources, Venezuelas economy has been one of the most thriving economies in South America. According to Oil and Gas Journal (OGJ), Venezuela had 99.4 billion barrels of proven oil reserves in 2010, the largest amount in South America. Figure 7 shows that Venezuelas production of crude oil has fallen, while domestic consumption has risen, causing a decline in net oil exports. Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia is the birthplace of Islam and home to Islams two holiest shrines in Mecca and Medina. Saudi Arabia has an oil-based economy with strong government controls over major economic activities. It possesses about 20% of the worlds proven petroleum reserves, ranks as the largest exporter of petroleum, and plays a leading role in OPEC. The petroleum sector accounts for roughly 80% of budget revenues, 45% of GDP, and 90% of export earnings. Roughly 5.5 million foreign workers play an important role in the Saudi economy, particularly in the oil and service sectors, while Riyadh is struggling to reduce unemployment among its own nationals. Five years of high oil prices during 2004-08 gave the Kingdom ample financial reserves to manage the impact of the global financial crisis, but tight international credit, falling oil prices, and the global economic slowdown reduced Saudi economic growth in 2009, prompting the postponement of some economic development projects. Saudi Arabia is t he worlds largest producer and exporter of total petroleum liquids, and the worlds second largest crude oil producer behind Russia. Saudi Arabias economy remains heavily dependent on oil and petroleum-related industries, including petrochemicals and petroleum refining. Oil export revenues have accounted for around 90 percent of total Saudi export earnings and state revenues and above 40 percent of the countrys gross domestic product (GDP). Figure 8 shows the Suaid Oil production and consumption behavior. It is the largest consumer of petroleum in the Middle East, particularly in the area of transportation fuels. Domestic consumption growth has been spurred by the economic boom due to historically high oil prices and large fuel subsidies. In 2006, Saudi Arabia was the 15th largest consumer of total primary energy, of which 60 percent was petroleum-based. The remainder was made up of natural gas, the growth of which has been limited by supply constraints. The graph also depicts the sa me behavior of consumption and production Saudi Currency is one of the stable currencies as compared to dollar from the last decade. Norway Norway is the worlds third-largest gas exporter, its position as an oil exporter has slipped to seventh-largest as production has begun to decline. Norway opted to stay out of the EU during a referendum in November 1994; nonetheless, as a member of the European Economic Area, it contributes sizably to the EU budget. In anticipation of eventual declines in oil and gas production, Norway saves almost all state revenue from the petroleum sector in a sovereign wealth fund. After lackluster growth of less than 1.5% in 2002-03, GDP growth picked up to 2.5-6.2% in 2004-07, partly due to higher oil prices. Growth fell to 2.1% in 2008, and the economy contracted by 1% in 2009 as a result of the slowing world economy and the drop in oil prices. According to the Oil and Gas Journal (OGJ), Norway had 6.7 billion barrels of proven oil reserves as of January 1, 2009, the largest oil reserves in Western Europe. Norway produced about 2067 thousand barrels per day (bbl/d) in 2009 and consumed about 220.2 thousand barrel per day (Figure 9).From 2004 onward the trend shows that Oil production is declining day by day but the good sign is that consumption trend is not showing many fluctuations however, there is hope that new developments in the Barents Sea and increasing the production of existing fields will offset some of the recent declines. In 2008, Norway was the sixth-largest net oil exporter in the world, exporting about 2.25 million bbl/d. According to EIA, Norway exported an estimated 2.25 million bbl/d of crude oil and petroleum products in 2008, down from 2.34 million bbl/d in 2007. According to Statistics Norway, the amount of crude oil alone exported in 2008 was 1.83 million bbl/d. The largest single recipient of Norwegia n oil was the United Kingdom, which imported 35 percent of Norways total oil exports. Norway currency was also depreciated in 2007-08 but again appreciated in 2009 as compared to dollar. Nigeria British influence and control over what would become Nigeria and Africas most populous country grew through the 19th century. Following nearly 16 years of military rule, a new constitution was adopted in 1999, and a peaceful transition to civilian government was completed. Oil-rich Nigeria, long hobbled by political instability, corruption, inadequate infrastructure, and poor macroeconomic management, has undertaken several reforms over the past decade. Nigerias former military rulers failed to diversify the economy away from its overdependence on the capital-intensive oil sector, which provides 95% of foreign exchange earnings and about 80% of budgetary revenues. Based largely on increased oil exports and high global crude prices, GDP rose strongly in 2007-09. The Nigerian economy is heavily dependent on the oil sector which, according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), accounts for over 95 percent of export earnings and about 65 percent of government revenues. Figure 10 show s the oil production and consumption of the country. The graph shows the decreasing trend in the production si de, hence less oil will be available to export. In 2009, total oil production in Nigeria was slightly over 2.2 million bbl/d, making it the largest oil producer in Africa. Crude oil production averaged 1.8 million bbl/d for the year. According to the Oil and Gas Journal, Nigeria had an estimated 37.2 billion barrels of proven oil reserves as of January 2010.Since December 2005, Nigeria has experienced increased pipeline vandalism, kidnappings and militant takeovers of oil facilities in the Niger Delta. The Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) is the main group attacking oil infrastructure for political objectives, claiming to seek a redistribution of oil wealth and greater local control of the sector. Additionally, kidnappings of oil workers for ransom are common. Security concerns have led some oil services firms to pull out of the country and oil worker s unions to threaten strikes over security issues. The instability in the Niger Delta has caused significant amounts of shut-in production and several companies to declare force majeure on oil shipments. Nigeria is an important oil supplier to the United States. Close to 40 percent of the countrys oil production is exported to the United States. Currency of Nigeria is also not as much stable and was highly depreciated in 2009 against dollar. Despite the general recognition that oil price and real exchange rate plays an important role in economic growth, a comparative analysis on the impact of oil prices and exchange rate on oil export country and oil import country is still few. In this paper we firstly take the natural log to eradicate the problem of after that we have checked the descriptive statistics of the data. After descriptive analysis we then employed ADF test to check the stationarity of data. After checking stationarity of data we employed AIC test and then Co-integration. Granger Casualty test was employed at the end to investigate whether the oil price and real exchange rate Granger cause to the economic growth in all of our oil importing and exporting countries. Moreover, the vector autoregressive (VAR) modeling with co-integration techniques is applied to examine how real GDP in all our sample countries are affected by changes in international oil prices and the real exchange rate of these countries in the long-run. Finally, a vector error correction model (VECM) will be employed to analyze the short-run dynamics of these variables.

Leonadro da Vinci’s Painting, The Mona Lisa :: Essays Papers

Leonadro da Vinci’s Painting, The Mona Lisa The scientists of history still can not settle down about Mona Lisa’s mysterious face. A lot of them spent years to find out, who that woman on the painting was. Another version has come up recently. Magdalena Soest from Germany’s Leverkusen spent ten years of her life, studying Leonadro da Vinci’s painting. He came to conclusion that Mona Lisa was a courtesan, who had the nickname â€Å"The Ttigress.† Many experts are sure that Soest’s research will put an end to the never-ending dispute about the woman on the painting. There were alternative versions set forth for that. The most known one of them says that the painting depicts a Florentine woman, named Lisa di Antonio Maria di Noldo Gherardini, - the wife of one of the noblest citizen of Florence, Francesco di Bartolommeo di Zanobi del Giocondo. Extraordinary versions say that Mona Lisa was a woman of easy virtue, another one says that the painting depicts a transvestite, or even Da Vinci himself, wearing women’s clothes. Magdalena Soest believes that Mona Lisa was the Duchess of Forli. Soest thinks that her theory can be proved with another paining of the Italian artist Lorenzo di Credi, who painted a woman in 1487 that looked very much like Mona Lisa. There is a big similarity between those two paintings, in spite of the fact that the woman on the earlier painting is about 25 years old, and on the older one – 40 years of age. Both of the painted women have the proud bearing, their hands are resting in the same position and they both have mysterious smiles. The German newspapers hurried to publish the photographs of those two paintings so that the readers could compare. Soest examined very carefully every little detail before coming out with her conclusion. According to Soest’s theory, Mona Lisa’s name is Caterina Sforza, who was born in 1462, the illegitimate daughter of Galeazzo Maria Sforza, the Duke of Milan. She was considered to be one of the most beautiful women, and was noticeable for her incredible courage. Together with her first husband Girolamo Riaria she led their troops in storming one of Rome's greatest citadels, the Castel Sant'Angelo, in a bid to install their candidate as the Pope when Sixtus IV died in 1484.